An FIR (First Information Report) is the first formal complaint registered with the police regarding a cognizable offence.

Bail is the temporary release of an accused person from custody, subject to conditions, while the trial is pending.

Criminal Cases in Delhi | Criminal Advocate Ashok Arora

Q: What is a criminal case?

A criminal case is a legal proceeding initiated by the state against a person accused of committing an offence. The accused faces punishment including imprisonment, fine, or both.

Q: What are the types of criminal cases?

Common types include offences against the person, property, women, children, public order, economic offences, and offences under special laws.

Q: What is the difference between criminal and civil cases?

Criminal cases involve offences against society and seek punishment, while civil cases involve private disputes and seek compensation/remedy.

Q: What is anticipatory bail?

Anticipatory bail is bail applied for before arrest, protecting against arrest in non-bailable offences.

Q: What are the rights of an accused?

Rights include right to know charges, right to legal representation, right to fair trial, right against self-incrimination, right to bail, and right to appeal.

Q: How long does a criminal case take?

A summons case takes 1–3 years. A warrant case takes 2–5 years or more. Appeals take 1–3 years.

Q: What documents are required for a criminal case?

Documents depend on the type of case — FIR copy, charge sheet, evidence documents, witness details, identity proof, etc.

Q: Can criminal cases be compromised?

Compoundable offences can be compromised. Non-compoundable offences cannot be compromised, except in certain circumstances with court permission.

🛡️ Service Overview

Criminal Cases

Criminal cases in Delhi involve offences against the state and society, where the accused faces potential punishment including imprisonment, fine, or both. Unlike civil cases, which deal with private disputes and compensation, criminal cases are prosecuted by the state and carry serious consequences that can affect your liberty, reputation, and future.

Being involved in a criminal case — whether as an accused, victim, or complainant — is one of the most stressful experiences anyone can face. Having an experienced criminal advocate by your side is absolutely essential to protect your rights, present your defence effectively, and achieve a fair outcome.

Arora & Arora Associates, led by Advocate Ashok Arora, has over 30 years of experience in criminal law, marriage law, and family matters. We have successfully handled thousands of criminal cases in Delhi courts, including bail matters, trials, appeals, and family criminal disputes.

We provide defence and representation in criminal matters, from bail applications to trial, handled with diligence and discretion. Our criminal law experts ensure your rights are protected and you receive fair treatment under the law at every stage of the criminal justice process.

Key Features

✓ Bail application assistance

✓ Criminal trial representation

✓ Evidence analysis

✓ Witness examination

✓ Legal strategy development

✓ Appeal support

✓ Confidential handling

✓ 24/7 emergency support

✓ Anticipatory bail support

✓ Quashing petition assistance

Our Process

1 Emergency consultation

2 Case assessment and strategy

3 Bail application (if needed)

4 Evidence review

5 Court representation

6 Appeal (if required)

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📖 What is a Criminal Case?

A criminal case is a legal proceeding initiated by the state against a person accused of committing an offence. The offence may be defined under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) (which replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860), or under other special laws such as the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, NDPS Act, 1985, POCSO Act, 2012, and others.

The objective of a criminal case is to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused and, if guilty, to impose appropriate punishment.

Key features of criminal cases:

▸ Prosecuted by the state

▸ Accused faces punishment (imprisonment, fine, or both)

▸ Burden of proof is on the prosecution

▸ Standard of proof is "beyond reasonable doubt"

▸ Trial follows the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)

▸ Appeals and revisions are available

📋 Types of Criminal Cases

Criminal cases cover a wide range of offences. Common types include:

⚔️ 1. Offences Against the Person

• Murder
• Attempt to murder
• Culpable homicide
• Grievous hurt
• Assault
• Wrongful restraint and confinement
• Kidnapping and abduction
• Rape and sexual assault

🏠 2. Offences Against Property

• Theft
• Robbery
• Dacoity
• Burglary
• Cheating and fraud
• Criminal breach of trust
• Mischief
• Criminal trespass

👩 3. Offences Against Women

• Dowry harassment (Section 498A IPC / BNS equivalent)
• Domestic violence
• Cruelty by husband and relatives
• Sexual harassment
• Stalking
• Voyeurism
• Rape and sexual assault
• Dowry death

👶 4. Offences Against Children

• POCSO offences
• Child labour
• Kidnapping of children
• Child marriage

🏛️ 5. Offences Against Public Order

• Rioting
• Unlawful assembly
• Affray
• Public nuisance
• Defamation

💼 6. Economic Offences

• Cheating
• Forgery
• Counterfeiting
• Money laundering
• Tax evasion
• Bank fraud
• Cybercrime

📜 7. Offences Under Special Laws

• NDPS Act (drug offences)
• Arms Act
• Excise Act
• Prevention of Corruption Act
• POCSO Act
• Domestic Violence Act
• Dowry Prohibition Act

🚗 8. Traffic and Motor Vehicle Offences

• Rash and negligent driving
• Drunk driving
• Hit and run
• Driving without licence/insurance

👨‍👩‍👧 9. Family Criminal Disputes

• Domestic violence
• Dowry harassment
• Cruelty
• Maintenance (criminal)
• Custody disputes with criminal elements

💼 10. White-Collar Crimes

• Fraud
• Embezzlement
• Insider trading
• Corporate fraud
• Cybercrime

Arora & Arora Associates handles a wide range of criminal cases in Delhi courts.

🔄 Criminal Cases vs Civil Cases

Aspect	Criminal Cases	Civil Cases
Parties	State vs Accused	Plaintiff vs Defendant
Nature	Offence against society	Private dispute
Objective	Punishment	Compensation/remedy
Burden of Proof	Beyond reasonable doubt	Preponderance of probabilities
Standard of Proof	Higher	Lower
Outcome	Conviction/Acquittal	Decree/Order
Compromise	Restricted	Usually allowed
Court	Criminal Court	Civil Court
Law	BNS, BNSS, special laws	CPC, Contract Act, etc.

Note: Some disputes can have both civil and criminal remedies. Consultation with an advocate is essential to determine the best course of action.

📊 Classification of Offences

Criminal offences are classified in different ways:

1. Cognizable vs Non-Cognizable

• Cognizable Offence – Police can arrest without warrant and investigate without court permission (e.g., murder, rape, theft)
• Non-Cognizable Offence – Police cannot arrest without warrant and need court permission to investigate (e.g., defamation, simple hurt)

2. Bailable vs Non-Bailable

• Bailable Offence – Bail is a matter of right (e.g., simple hurt, defamation)
• Non-Bailable Offence – Bail is at the court's discretion (e.g., murder, rape, dacoity)

3. Compoundable vs Non-Compoundable

• Compoundable Offence – Parties can compromise (e.g., simple hurt, defamation)
• Non-Compoundable Offence – Parties cannot compromise (e.g., murder, rape)

4. Summons vs Warrant Case

• Summons Case – Less serious offences, punishable with up to 2 years imprisonment
• Warrant Case – More serious offences, punishable with more than 2 years imprisonment

Understanding the classification is essential for determining the procedure, bail, and strategy.

🏛️ Court Structure and Jurisdiction in Delhi

Criminal cases in Delhi are heard by different courts depending on the nature and seriousness of the offence:

1. Magistrate Courts

• Judicial Magistrate (First Class) – Summons cases, less serious offences
• Judicial Magistrate (Second Class) – Minor offences
• Metropolitan Magistrate – Offences in metropolitan areas

2. Sessions Courts

• Court of Sessions Judge – Serious offences (murder, rape, dacoity)
• Additional Sessions Judge – Serious offences

3. Delhi High Court

• Appeals from Sessions Court
• Anticipatory bail
• Quashing petitions
• Writ petitions

4. Supreme Court of India

• Final appeals
• Special leave petitions
• Constitutional matters

5. Special Courts

• POCSO Courts
• NDPS Courts
• CBI Courts
• Prevention of Corruption Courts
• Family Courts (for family criminal matters)

Territorial Jurisdiction: The court where the offence was committed generally has jurisdiction.

Arora & Arora Associates has extensive experience in all Delhi courts.

⚖️ Rights of the Accused

Every accused person has certain fundamental rights:

✓ Right to Know the Charges – Accused must be informed of the charges

✓ Right to Legal Representation – Right to be defended by an advocate

✓ Right to Fair Trial – Impartial and speedy trial

✓ Right Against Self-Incrimination – Cannot be compelled to be a witness against oneself

✓ Right to Bail – In bailable offences, bail is a matter of right

✓ Right to Silence – Right to remain silent

✓ Right to Cross-Examine – Right to cross-examine prosecution witnesses

✓ Right to Appeal – Right to appeal against conviction

✓ Right Against Double Jeopardy – Cannot be tried twice for the same offence

✓ Right to Speedy Trial – Trial within a reasonable time

✓ Right to Humane Treatment – Protection from torture and custodial violence

Our advocates ensure that your rights are fully protected throughout the criminal process.

🤝 Rights of the Victim

Victims of crime also have certain rights:

✓ Right to File FIR – Right to register a complaint

✓ Right to Information – Right to know the progress of the case

✓ Right to Legal Representation – Right to be represented by an advocate

✓ Right to Compensation – Right to seek compensation

✓ Right to Protection – Protection from threats and intimidation

✓ Right to Speedy Trial – Trial within a reasonable time

✓ Right to Appeal – Right to appeal against acquittal

✓ Right to Privacy – Protection of identity in sensitive cases

Arora & Arora Associates provides complete support to victims of crime.

📋 Required Documents

The documents required depend on the type of criminal case. Generally, the following are needed:

For the Accused:

▸ 📸 Identity proof (Aadhar, Voter ID, Passport)
▸ 🏠 Address proof
▸ 📄 FIR copy
▸ 📄 Charge sheet (if filed)
▸ 📄 Bail order (if granted)
▸ 📄 Evidence documents
▸ 📄 Witness details
▸ 📄 Previous orders (if any)

For the Complainant/Victim:

▸ 📸 Identity proof
▸ 🏠 Address proof
▸ 📄 Written complaint
▸ 📄 Evidence documents
▸ 📄 Witness details
▸ 📄 Medical reports (if applicable)
▸ 📄 Photographs/videos (if available)

General Documents:

▸ 📄 Power of Attorney (if applicable)
▸ 📄 Affidavit
▸ 📄 Evidence documents
▸ 📄 Correspondence

Note: Documents may vary depending on the case. Please confirm with your advocate.

✅ Benefits of Professional Criminal Defence

✓ Protection of Rights – Your legal rights are safeguarded
✓ Strategic Defence – Expert case strategy and defence
✓ Effective Representation – Strong representation in court
✓ Bail Support – Expert bail application and arguments
✓ Evidence Management – Proper collection and presentation of evidence
✓ Cross-Examination – Skilled cross-examination of witnesses
✓ Negotiation Support – Plea bargaining and settlement assistance
✓ Appeal Support – Representation in appeals
✓ Confidential Handling – Complete privacy
✓ Transparent Pricing – No hidden charges

⚙️ Criminal Cases in Delhi – Step-by-Step Process

The criminal litigation process involves the following steps:

1 Step 1: FIR Registration – The first step is registration of an FIR (First Information Report) with the police. In cognizable offences, the police register the FIR and begin investigation.

2 Step 2: Investigation – The police investigate the matter, collect evidence, record statements, and prepare a charge sheet.

3 Step 3: Charge Sheet Filing – After investigation, the police file a charge sheet in the appropriate court.

4 Step 4: Cognizance – The court takes cognizance of the offence and issues summons or warrants to the accused.

5 Step 5: Appearance of Accused – The accused appears before the court, either voluntarily or through arrest.

6 Step 6: Bail – The accused may apply for bail. In bailable offences, bail is a matter of right. In non-bailable offences, bail is at the court's discretion.

7 Step 7: Framing of Charges – The court frames charges against the accused based on the evidence.

8 Step 8: Trial – The trial begins. The prosecution presents its evidence, witnesses are examined, and the accused has the right to cross-examine.

9 Step 9: Defence Evidence – The accused presents defence evidence and witnesses.

10 Step 10: Arguments – Both parties present their arguments before the court.

11 Step 11: Judgment – The court passes judgment — either conviction or acquittal.

12 Step 12: Sentencing – If convicted, the court imposes an appropriate sentence.

13 Step 13: Appeal – If either party is dissatisfied, an appeal can be filed in the higher court.

🔓 Bail and Anticipatory Bail

🔓 Regular Bail

• Applied after arrest
• Granted by Magistrate or Sessions Court
• In bailable offences, bail is a matter of right
• In non-bailable offences, bail is at the court's discretion

🛡️ Anticipatory Bail

• Applied before arrest
• Granted by Sessions Court or High Court
• Protects against arrest in non-bailable offences
• Conditions may be imposed

⏳ Interim Bail

• Temporary bail granted for a specific period
• Granted for medical, family, or other urgent reasons

⚖️ Default Bail

• Granted if the police fail to file charge sheet within the prescribed time
• Matter of right under law

Factors considered by court for bail:

▸ Nature and gravity of offence

▸ Severity of punishment

▸ Risk of absconding

▸ Risk of tampering with evidence

▸ Risk of influencing witnesses

▸ Criminal antecedents

▸ Health and age of accused

▸ Duration of custody

Arora & Arora Associates has extensive experience in bail matters.

⏱️ Criminal Cases in Delhi – Time Duration

Process Type	Time Duration
Bail Application	1–7 days
Anticipatory Bail	7–30 days
Trial (Summons Case)	1–3 years
Trial (Warrant Case)	2–5 years or more
Appeal	1–3 years
Revision	6–18 months
Court Marriage (Special Marriage Act - 1954)	30–45 days
Tatkal Court Marriage (Hindu Marriage Act - 1955)	1–2 days
Marriage Registration (already solemnised)	2–3 days

Note: Time duration may vary depending on case complexity, court workload, and cooperation of parties.

💰 Criminal Cases in Delhi – Cost

The cost of criminal litigation varies depending on the case. It includes:

✓ Advocate fees

✓ Court fees

✓ Document preparation

✓ Evidence and investigation

✓ Miscellaneous expenses

At Arora & Arora Associates, we follow transparent pricing. There are no hidden charges. You are informed in advance about the total cost.

For exact cost, call +91 9212012466.

🏛️ Appeals and Revision

📤 Appeals

If either party is dissatisfied with the judgment, an appeal can be filed in the higher court:

• Appeal from Magistrate to Sessions Court – 30–60 days
• Appeal from Sessions Court to High Court – 30–90 days
• Appeal from High Court to Supreme Court – 30–90 days
• Special Leave Petition – To Supreme Court

⚙️ Revision

Revision is a process where the higher court examines the legality or propriety of an order passed by a lower court.

• Revision to Sessions Court – 90 days
• Revision to High Court – 90 days

Arora & Arora Associates provides complete assistance in appeals and revisions.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What is a criminal case? +

What are the types of criminal cases? +

What is the difference between criminal and civil cases? +

What is an FIR? +

What is bail? +

What is anticipatory bail? +

What are the rights of an accused? +

How long does a criminal case take? +

What documents are required for a criminal case? +

Can criminal cases be compromised? +

What is the difference between cognizable and non-cognizable offences? +

Is an advocate necessary for criminal cases? +

💡 Criminal Cases in Delhi – Legal Tips

1 Consult an advocate immediately – Do not delay legal consultation.

2 Choose the right advocate – Check experience and track record in criminal matters.

3 Know your rights – Understand your rights as an accused or victim.

4 Do not make statements without legal advice – Anything you say can be used against you.

5 Preserve evidence – Keep all relevant documents and evidence safe.

6 Apply for bail promptly – Do not delay bail application.

7 Be honest – Share all facts with your advocate.

8 Attend hearings – Do not miss court dates.

9 Cooperate with investigation – But exercise your rights.

10 Consider plea bargaining – In appropriate cases.

11 Be patient – Criminal litigation can take time.

12 Trust your advocate – A good advocate-client relationship is essential.

Arora & Arora

Criminal Cases in Delhi